If you are sure that there is nothing wrong with the solenoid release box, and only with the existing power supply, you are probably fine. If for some reason however, you had a fault in the electronics, the higher rated supply will do a better job of "letting the smoke out" /images/boards/smilies/tongue.gif.
How do you know that the power supply is dead ? Is there a light on the release box or something ? You should be able to check it with an inexpensive volt meter as long as you have probes that will fit in the power supply jack (assuming it has a jack and not a plug on the end). 12Vdc power supplies for small electronics almost always use a 2.1/5.5mm (ID/OD) jack. 24Vdc supplies more often use 2.5/5.5mm jacks. If you picked up some other PS that had a 2.5mm ID jack, it might fit over the pin and not make contact.
Any other specific questions, let me know.